
Good Fish Guide
Your guide to sustainable seafood
You can play a key role in securing the future of our seas and marine wildlife by making more environmentally responsible choices when buying seafood.
Our seas face a wide range of threats - click to expand
Our seas face a wide range of threats. Climate change, pollution, habitat and biodiversity loss are all impacting our seas; plus 90% of global fish stocks are either fully or over-exploited. All these factors combined mean that urgent action is needed to restore the health of our seas. Fish farming (aquaculture) is rapidly expanding to meet increasing demand for seafood, but if this is done badly it can also damage the environment and exacerbate these other problems.
Use the Good Fish Guide to find out which fish are the most sustainable (Green rated), and which are the least sustainable (Red rated). Make the right choice and reduce your impact – every purchase matters! Find out more about our seafood work, including how we develop our seafood ratings, plus sustainable seafood recipes and more.
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Abalone
Haliotis discus hannai; Haliotis tuberculata
Abalone can be farmed on land in aquaculture systems that are enclosed, referred to as "recirculating systems", which means that all water and waste are contained. Abalone graze on seaweeds for food. As there are no environmental … Read more interactions and no depletion of resources for food this makes abalone a really sustainable seafood choice.

Production country — Ireland
Production method — Recirculating system
Production country — France
Production method — Open water crate
Certification — Organic certification
Anchovy, European anchovy
Engraulis encrasicolus
The sustainability of European anchovies varies. Check the label for where they are caught, Bay of Biscay anchovies are the Best Choice! European anchovies caught in Atlantic Iberian waters or Northwest Africa (such as Morocco or … Read more Mauritania) are OK, but fishing here is not as well controlled.

Capture method — Purse seine
Capture area — North East Atlantic (FAO 27)
Stock area — Bay of Biscay
Stock detail — 8
Certification — Marine Stewardship Council (MSC)
Capture method — Pelagic trawl
Capture area — North East Atlantic (FAO 27)
Stock area — Bay of Biscay
Stock detail — 8
Capture method — Purse seine
Capture area — North East Atlantic (FAO 27)
Stock area — Bay of Biscay
Stock detail — 8
Capture method — Purse seine
Capture area — Central Eastern Atlantic (FAO 34)
Stock area — Northwest Africa
Stock detail — Zone North, A and B
Capture method — Ring net
Capture area — North East Atlantic (FAO 27)
Stock area — Cornwall Inshore: 0-6nm
Stock detail — 7e, 7f, 7g, 7h
Capture method — Purse seine
Capture area — North East Atlantic (FAO 27)
Stock area — Atlantic Iberian waters
Stock detail — 9a: western and southern components
Anchovy, Peruvian anchovy
Engraulis ringens
Sustainability of anchovies from Chile and Peru can vary depending on where they are caught. The Best Choice are anchovies from southern Peru/northern Chile. Check the product label for this information. Most of these fish are caught to … Read more make fish food, but some can end up on your plate too. Anchovy populations can fluctuate dramatically due to environmental variability such as El Nino. This could impact the sustainability of these fish each year.

Capture method — Seine nets
Capture area — South East Pacific (FAO 87)
Stock area — Southern Peru/Northern Chile stock
Stock detail — Peru (Southern) and Chile (Northern): 15, 1, 2
Capture method — Purse seine
Capture area — South East Pacific (FAO 87)
Stock area — Central-Southern Chile Stock
Stock detail — Chile (Central): 3-4
Capture method — Seine nets
Capture area — South East Pacific (FAO 87)
Stock area — Central-Southern Chile Stock
Stock detail — Chile (Southern): 5-10
Capture method — Purse seine
Capture area — South East Pacific (FAO 87)
Stock area — Peruvian North-Central Stock
Stock detail — Peru (Northern-Central)
Certification — FIP Stage 4
Arctic char
Salvelinus alpinus
Land based farmed Arctic char is a good choice to make when looking for an oily fish. The use of land based production systems addresses many issues of environmental concern that can be associated with farmed fish production. Artic charr … Read more has a lower requirement for fish in its diet compared to other salmonid species and in UK and Icelandic production responsibly sourced feed is used.

Production country — UK
Production method — Land based flow through and recirculating systems.
Basa, Tra, Catfish or Vietnamese River Cobbler
Pangasius bocourti & Pangasius hypophthalmus
In general there are a number of issues of environmental concern associated with production, these include: habitat alteration; nutrient and organic pollution; escapes; interactions with local wildlife and enforcement of regulations. … Read more Pangasius is a an omnivore and as such is not heavily reliant on marine proteins and oils to form part of its diet, however the fish used to produce the feed is currently not certified as being responsibly managed or sustainable. It is only by sourcing certified pangasius that you can be assured that the issues of critical environmental concern are being addressed.

Production country — Vietnam
Production method — Ponds
Certification — Global Aquaculture Alliance Best Aquaculture Practice (GAA BAP) 3*
Production country — Vietnam
Production method — Ponds
Certification — GLOBALG.A.P.
Production country — Global
Production method — Ponds
Certification — Aquaculture Stewardship Council (ASC)
Bass, seabass (Caught at sea)
Dicentrarchus labrax
The combination of slow growth, late maturity, spawning aggregation, and strong summer site fidelity, plus high value of this species make it vulnerable over-exploitation and localised depletion and so needs to be carefully managed. The … Read more main seabass stock around the UK was heavily overfished but improvements to management in recent years have reduced fishing pressure and it is hoped these are maintained so the stock can recover to healthy levels. There remain issues regarding accurate data collection and compliance with management measures. Farmed seabass can be a better choice. Seabass are generally farmed in open sea pens and are fed a diet reliant on wild fish capture as a key ingredient, so look for independently certified (ASC, GlobalGap, GAA BAP 3*4) options which have addressed some of these issues.

Capture method — Handline
Capture area — North East Atlantic (FAO 27)
Stock area — North Sea (Central and South), Irish Sea, English Channel, Bristol Channel, Celtic Sea
Stock detail — 4b, 4c, 7a, 7d-h
Capture method — Handline
Capture area — North East Atlantic (FAO 27)
Stock area — Cornwall
Stock detail — 7e, 7f, 7g, 7h
Capture method — Longline
Capture area — North East Atlantic (FAO 27)
Stock area — Bay of Biscay (North and Central)
Stock detail — 8a, 8b
Capture method — Handline
Capture area — North East Atlantic (FAO 27)
Stock area — Bay of Biscay (North and Central)
Stock detail — 8a, 8b
Capture method — Demersal seine net
Capture area — North East Atlantic (FAO 27)
Stock area — Bay of Biscay (North and Central)
Stock detail — 8a, 8b
Capture method — Demersal otter trawl
Capture area — North East Atlantic (FAO 27)
Stock area — Bay of Biscay (North and Central)
Stock detail — 8a, 8b
Bass, seabass (Farmed)
Dicentrarchus labrax
The combination of slow growth, late maturity, spawning aggregation, and strong summer site fidelity, plus high value of this species make it vulnerable over-exploitation and localised depletion and so needs to be carefully managed. The … Read more main seabass stock around the UK was heavily overfished but improvements to management in recent years have reduced fishing pressure and it is hoped these are maintained so the stock can recover to healthy levels. There remain issues regarding accurate data collection and compliance with management measures. Farmed seabass can be a better choice. Seabass are generally farmed in open sea pens and are fed a diet reliant on wild fish capture as a key ingredient, so look for independently certified (ASC, GlobalGap, GAA BAP 3*4) options which have addressed some of these issues.

Production country — Europe
Production method — Open net pen
Certification — GLOBALG.A.P. certification
Production country — Europe
Production method — Open net pen
Certification — Aquaculture Stewardship Council (ASC) certification
Production country — Europe
Production method — Open net pen
Certification — Global Aquaculture Alliance Best Aquaculture Practices (GAA BAP) 3* & 4* certified
Bream, Black or porgy or seabream
Spondyliosoma cantharus
Seabream are a group of compact, medium-sized fishes known as Sparidae. Their firm white meat is similar in taste and texture to bass and is ideal for grilling, steaming, baking and pan-frying whole. Black bream or porgy are commonly found
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in northern European seas and are commercially fished. However the bulk of the seabream in the UK market comes from imports of Mediterranean farmed gilthead bream. Black bream is a pretty inexpensive fish to eat as it's not massively popular despite the fact it's delicious. Its taste is distinctive and on the sweet side so best grilled or stuffed and baked whole (after removing its scales). Fascinating fact - Black bream all mature as females at around 20cm; but once they reach about 30cm they may change into males and all fish over 40cms are males! They lay their eggs in nests which males excavate with their tails and guard against predators.
Black seabream are vulnerable to overfishing because they change sex during their lives, they aggregate to spawn (and therefore are easier to catch) and are very picky about where they lay eggs. Look up The Black Bream Project for further details. More management is needed to protect the species. If choosing Black seabream, choose it from the Sussex IFCA district, who have implemented better management.

Capture method — Rod & line
Capture area — North East Atlantic (FAO 27)
Stock area — English Channel
Stock detail — Sussex IFCA district
Capture method — Pole & line
Capture area — North East Atlantic (FAO 27)
Stock area — Cornwall Inshore: 0-6nm
Stock detail — 7e, 7f, 7g, 7h
Bream, Gilthead (Caught at sea)
Sparus auratus

Capture method — Handline
Capture area — North East Atlantic (FAO 27)
Stock area — Cornwall
Stock detail — 7e, 7f, 7g, 7h
Bream, Gilthead (Farmed)
Sparus auratus
European Union and Turkey are the biggest producers of sea bass in Europe followed by Egypt, Spain and Italy. In recent years it has been the second fastest growing species in terms of sales, after pangasius. Seabass are farmed in open … Read more sea pens and are fed a diet reliant on wild fish capture. Look for certified sea bass, such as the Aquaculture Stewardship Council logo on pack, as this means much of the impacts of production have been addressed.

Production country — Europe
Production method — Open net pen
Certification — GLOBALG.A.P. certification
Production country — Europe
Production method — Open net pen
Certification — Aquaculture Stewardship Council (ASC) certification
Production country — Europe
Production method — Open net pen
Certification — Global Aquaculture Alliance Best Aquaculture Practices (GAA BAP) 3* & 4* certified
Brill
Scophthalmus rhombus
Brill in these regions is mainly landed as bycatch in beam trawl and pulse trawl fisheries for plaice and sole, particularly in the North Sea. Although data-limited, it would appear that the population is not subject to overfishing and is … Read more not in an overfished state. Management measures are combined with those for turbot, which prevents effective control and could lead to high grading of the lower value species (brill) or overexploitation of turbot. Despite this, catches of brill in recent years have been below the recommended level. Avoid eating immature brill (less than 30cm) and during their breeding time in spring and summer.

Capture method — Beam trawl
Capture area — North East Atlantic (FAO 27)
Stock area — North Sea, Skagerrak and Kattegat, English Channel
Stock detail — 4, 3a, 7d, 7e
Capture method — Gill or fixed net
Capture area — North East Atlantic (FAO 27)
Stock area — North Sea, Skagerrak and Kattegat, English Channel
Stock detail — 4, 3a, 7d, 7e
Capture method — Gill or fixed net
Capture area — North East Atlantic (FAO 27)
Stock area — Cornwall
Stock detail — 7e, 7f, 7g, 7h
Capture method — Demersal otter trawl
Capture area — North East Atlantic (FAO 27)
Stock area — Cornwall
Stock detail — 7e, 7f, 7g, 7h
Clam, Manila (Farmed)
Ruditapes philippinarium
All Manila clams in the UK are progeny of broodstock imported from the west coast of USA. They are grown in trays on trestles in the sea before planting out in ground plots or seabed. Only a small number of Manila clams are farmed for the … Read more table in UK (5 tonnes, 2012), the biggest production is seed for ongrowing. Clams may be harvested by manual digging or raking, or by mechanical methods, e.g. suction or hydraulic dredge. Manual harvesting methods cause less disturbance to sediment than mechanical methods. Shellfish farming is a low-impact method of producing farmed seafood and high quality water standards are required for cultivation of shellfish for human consumption.

Production country — UK
Production method — Bottom culture
Clam, Razor, clams
Ensis spp.
Razor clam populations around the UK are not well understood. They have slow growth rates and their populations take a long time to recover. Large-scale harvesting by dredging or electrofishing could cause population sizes to decline, as … Read more well as have wider environmental impacts. The only recommended choice is razor clams caught by hand-gathering. Avoid eating undersized animals (less than 10cm) and wild clams harvested during the spawning season (May - September).

Capture method — Hand-gathering
Capture area — North East Atlantic (FAO 27)
Stock area — Scotland
Stock detail — All Areas
Cockle, cockles
Cerastoderma edule
Best boiled then seasoned with malt vinegar and pepper, they are often pickled but also sold in a sealed packet to eat on the go. A traditional Welsh breakfast is cockles fried with bacon and served with laver bread. Cockles have
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distinctive rounded shells that are slightly heart shaped. It is a bivalve (two identical shells) belonging to the family Cardidae meaning 'heart-shaped'. They can jump by bending and straightening the foot - the end bit- which is often coloured red and called the 'red nose'.
Choose Marine Stewardship Council-certified cockles or from well-managed inshore fisheries such as the Wash. Avoid eating them during their breeding season from March to July.
Capture method — Suction dredge
Capture area — North East Atlantic (FAO 27)
Stock area — England
Stock detail — Kent & Essex IFCA district (within the TECFO area only)
Capture method — Hand-gathering
Capture area — North East Atlantic (FAO 27)
Stock area — England
Stock detail — Eastern IFCA district only
Cod, Atlantic Cod
Gadus morhua
There are a many different Atlantic cod populations and whilst some are being well managed and are in a healthy state, many others are in a poor state, particularly around the UK. Many of the well managed fisheries are certified as … Read more sustainable by the Marine Stewardship Council (MSC) which can be identified in shops and on menus by a blue ecolabel with a white tick. Avoid eating cod from stocks which are depleted and where fishing is at unsustainable levels.

Capture method — Longline
Capture area — North East Atlantic (FAO 27)
Stock area — Iceland
Stock detail — 5a
Certification — Marine Stewardship Council (MSC)
Capture method — Gill or fixed net
Capture area — North East Atlantic (FAO 27)
Stock area — Iceland
Stock detail — 5a
Certification — Marine Stewardship Council (MSC)
Capture method — Demersal otter trawl
Capture area — North East Atlantic (FAO 27)
Stock area — Iceland
Stock detail — 5a
Certification — Marine Stewardship Council (MSC)
Capture method — Demersal otter trawl
Capture area — North East Atlantic (FAO 27)
Stock area — Northeast Arctic (Barents and Norwegian Sea)
Stock detail — 1, 2
Certification — Marine Stewardship Council (MSC)
Capture method — Demersal otter trawl
Capture area — North East Atlantic (FAO 27)
Stock area — Northeast Arctic (Barents and Norwegian Sea)
Stock detail — 1, 2
Capture method — Jig
Capture area — North East Atlantic (FAO 27)
Stock area — Faroe Plateau
Stock detail — 5b.1